Interstate 80 (I-80) is the second-longest Interstate Highway The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System , is a network of limited-access highways (also called freeways or expressways) in the United States. It is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation. As of 2006[update], the system has a total in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language (following Interstate 90 Interstate 90 is the longest Interstate Highway in the United States at 3,099.07 miles (4,987 km). It is the northernmost coast-to-coast interstate, and parallels U.S. Route 20 for the most part. Its western terminus is in Seattle, Washington, at 4th Avenue S. next to Safeco Field and Qwest Field, and its eastern terminus is in Boston,). I-80 connects downtown San Francisco, California The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 12th most populous city in the United States, with a 2008 estimated population of 808,977. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of 46.7 square miles on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, making it the, to Teaneck, New Jersey Teaneck is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey and a suburb in the New York metropolitan area. As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 39,260, making it the second-most populous among the 70 municipalities in Bergen County. The Census Bureau's 2008 population estimate for the township was 38,662. I-80 is the Interstate Highway that most closely approximates the route of the Lincoln Highway The Lincoln Highway was the first road across the United States of America. Actively promoted by entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, the Lincoln Highway originally spanned coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City to Lincoln Park in San Francisco through 13 states: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska,, the first auto trail The system of auto trails was an informal network of marked routes that existed in the United States and Canada in the early part of the 20th century. Marked with colored bands on telephone poles, the trails were intended to help travellers in the early days of the automobile to cross the country. This Interstate Highway roughly traces other historically significant travel routes in the Western United States The Western United States, commonly referred to as the American West or simply "the West," traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. Because the U.S. expanded westward after its founding, the meaning of the West has evolved over time. Prior to about 1800, the crest of the Appalachian: the Oregon Trail The Oregon Trail was one of the main overland migration routes on the North American continent, leading from locations on the Missouri River to the Oregon Country across Wyoming As specified in the designating legislation for the Territory of Wyoming, Wyoming's borders are lines of latitude, 41°N and 45°N, and longitude, 104°3'W and 111°3'W , making the shape of the state a latitude-longitude quadrangle. Wyoming is one of only three states (along with Colorado and Utah) to have borders along only straight latitudinal and Nebraska Once considered part of the Great American Desert , Nebraska is now a leading farming and ranching state, the California Trail The California Trail was a major overland immigrant trail of about 2,000 miles across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California. It was used primarily from 1841 to 1869. It followed the same corridor of trails, following different river valleys, as the Oregon Trail and the across most of Nevada Nevada is the seventh-largest state in area, and geographically covers the Mojave Desert in the south to the Great Basin in the north. It is the most arid state in the Union. Approximately 86% of the state's land is owned by the U.S federal government under various jurisdictions both civilian and military. As of 2008, there were about 2.6 million and California California's geography ranges from the Pacific coast to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east, to Mojave desert areas in the southeast and the Redwood–Douglas fir forests of the northwest. The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley, one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. California is the most, and except in the Great Salt Lake Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt lake in the western hemisphere, the fourth-largest terminal lake in the world, and the 37th-largest lake on Earth. In an average year the lake covers an area of around 1,700 square miles , but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness area, the entire route of the First Transcontinental Railroad The construction and operation of the line was authorized by the Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864 during the American Civil War. The Congress supported it with 30-year U.S. government bonds and extensive land grants of government-owned land. Completion of the railroad was the culmination of a decades-long movement to build such a line. It.
From near Chicago, Illinois Chicago ( /ʃɨˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɨˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in both Illinois and the Midwest, and the third most populous city in the United States, with over 2.8 million people living within the city limits. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland", is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7, east to near Youngstown, Ohio Youngstown is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Mahoning County, whose urban area borders Trumbull County. The municipality is situated on the Mahoning River, approximately 65 miles southeast of Cleveland and 61 miles (100 km) northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Youngstown has its own metropolitan area, but is often, Interstate 80 is a toll road A toll road is a privately or publicly built road for which a driver pays a toll (a fee) for use. Structures for which tolls are charged include toll bridges and toll tunnels. Non-toll roads are financed using other sources of revenue, most typically fuel tax or general tax funds. The building or facility in which a toll is collected may be called - containing a portion of the Indiana Toll Road The Indiana Toll Road, officially the Indiana East–West Toll Road, is a 157 mile toll road that runs east–west across northern Indiana from the Illinois state line to the Ohio state line. It is a part of the New York-Chicago Toll Road system, and has been advertised as the "Main Street of the Midwest" and the majority of the Ohio Turnpike The Ohio Turnpike is a 241.26 mi (388.27 km)-long, limited-access toll highway in the U.S. state of Ohio, serving as a primary corridor to Chicago and Pittsburgh. The road runs east–west in the northern section of the state, from the Indiana Toll Road (at the Indiana-Ohio border near Bryan) to the Pennsylvania Turnpike (at the Ohio-Pennsylvania. At Youngstown, I-80 leaves the toll road, which continues toward Pittsburgh Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, located in the United States, is the second-largest city in the state and is the county seat of Allegheny County. Its population was 334,563 at the 2000 census; by 2009, it was estimated to have fallen to 311,647. The population of the seven-county metropolitan area was 2,354,957 in 2009. Downtown Pittsburgh retains and Philadelphia Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the sixth-most-populous city in the United States. I-80 becomes the Keystone Shortway, a freeway A freeway is a limited access divided highway with grade separated junctions and without traffic lights or stop signs. The term is used in the United States and parts of Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A freeway is roughly equivalent to a motorway in the United Kingdom and Ireland built across northern Pennsylvania expressly for I-80.
For some years, the tollway through to Philadelphia was called as Interstate 80S, but this highway was renumbered as Interstate 76 Interstate 76 is an Interstate Highway in the United States, running 435 miles (700 km) from an interchange with Interstate 71 west of Akron, Ohio, east to Interstate 295 near Camden, New Jersey in 1972 as a part of a move to eliminate all designations such as I-80S and I-80N. The only ones in the United States which remain are I-35W and I-35E - which both exist in Minnesota Nearly sixty percent of Minnesota's residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area known as the "Twin Cities", the center of transportation, business and industry, education and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; and Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the. In this process, I-76 came into existence in both Pennsylvania Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary and Colorado Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State" because it was admitted to the Union as the 38th state in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence. Colorado is bordered on the north by Wyoming and Nebraska, on the east by Nebraska and Kansas, on the south by Oklahoma and New Mexico, and on the west by Utah.
I-80 merges in with I-90 near Elyria, Ohio, westbound, and these Interstate Highways share a common roadway all the way to Portage, Indiana Portage is a city in Portage Township, Porter County, Indiana, United States. The population was 36,505 as of the 2007 Population Estimates issued by the United States Census Bureau. It is the largest city in Porter County, Indiana, and third largest in Northwest Indiana, where I-90 forks off. However, I-80 next runs concurrently with Interstate 94 Interstate 94 is the northernmost east–west Interstate Highway, connecting the Great Lakes and Intermountain regions of the United States. Its western terminus is east of Billings, Montana at a junction with Interstate 90; its eastern terminus is the U.S. side of the Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron, Michigan, at the Sarnia, Ontario, Canada from that point through the town of South Holland, Illinois South Holland is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 22,147 at the 2000 census. South Holland also serves as the seat of Thornton Township. South Holland was first settled in 1846 by immigrants from South Holland, the Netherlands. When the town incorporated in 1894, its population was about 1,000. Originally a in southern Cook County, Illinois Cook County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is the second most populous county in the United States after Los Angeles County. According to 2008 US Census Bureau estimates, the county has 5,294,664 residents, which is larger than the populations of 29 individual U.S. states, the combined populations of the seven smallest US states,. I-80 then shares the roadway with Interstate 294 Interstate 294 is a tolled Interstate Highway in northeastern Illinois, U.S.A.. It forms the southern portion of the Tri-State Tollway in Illinois. I-294 runs from South Holland at Interstates 80 and 94, and Illinois Route 394 to Deerfield at I-94. Interstate 294 is 53.42 miles (85.97 km) long; 5.32 miles (8.56 km) are shared with I-80 from that point through the town of Markham, Illinois Markham is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 12,620 at the 2000 census, also in southern Cook County. (At that point, I-294 turns due north towards Wisconsin The word Wisconsin has its origins in the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River and record its name, arriving in 1673 and calling the river Meskousing in, and I-80 continues all the way to San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the fourth most populous city in California and the 12th most populous city in the United States, with a 2008 estimated population of 808,977. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of 46.7 square miles on the northern end of the San Francisco.)
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Route description
Berkeley, California Berkeley is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington. The eastern city limits coincide with the county line (bordering Contra Costa County), which as the Eastshore Freeway). This section of freeway is among the busiest in the region, carrying a peak average of roughly 300,000 cars per day. Mountains of the Great Salt Lake Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt lake in the western hemisphere, the fourth-largest terminal lake in the world, and the 37th-largest lake on Earth. In an average year the lake covers an area of around 1,700 square miles , but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness as seen approaching Salt Lake City Salt Lake City is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. The name of the city is often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC. With an estimated population of 183,171, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total estimated population of 1,130,293. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban from the west. Tunnels near Green River, Wyoming Green River is a city in and the county seat of Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. The population was 11,808 at the 2000 census, one of three sets of tunnels over the interstate's 2,900-mile (4,700 km) length. The Great Platte River Road Archway Monument in Kearney, Nebraska, which spans Interstate 80.California
Main article: Interstate 80 in California See also: San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge and Carquinez BridgeInterstate 80 begins at an interchange with U.S. Route 101 U.S. Route 101, or U.S. Highway 101, is a north-south U.S. highway that runs through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, on the West Coast of the United States. It is also known as El Camino Real where its route along the southern and central California coast approximates the old trail which linked the Spanish missions, pueblos, and in San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the fourth most populous city in California and the 12th most populous city in the United States, with a 2008 estimated population of 808,977. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of 46.7 square miles on the northern end of the San Francisco and heads northeast through Oakland Oakland is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of California and a major West Coast port city, located on San Francisco Bay about eight miles (13 km) east of the city of San Francisco. Oakland is a major hub city for the Bay Area subregion collectively called the East Bay, and it is the county seat of Alameda County. Based on United States, Vallejo Vallejo is the largest city in Solano County, California, United States. The population was 116,760 at the 2000 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area on the northeastern shore of San Pablo Bay. Vallejo is named for General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, Sacramento Sacramento is the capital of the U.S. state of California, and the county seat of Sacramento County. It is located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in California's expansive Central Valley. With a 2008 estimated population of 463,794, it is the seventh-largest city in California. Sacramento is the core cultural and, and the Sierra Nevada The Sierra Nevada is a mountain range located in California and Nevada, United States. The range is also known informally as "the Sierra," "the High Sierra," and "the Sierras." mountains before crossing into Nevada.
A portion of the route through Pinole, California involved the experimental transplantation of the rare species Santa Cruz tarweed in the right-of-way.
Nevada
Main article: Interstate 80 in NevadaIn the state of Nevada, Interstate 80 runs northeast from the Lake Tahoe region near Reno to Battle Mountain. At Battle Mountain, it turns east to the salt flats of Utah via Elko. In Nevada, I-80 is routed along the Truckee and Humboldt rivers.
The stretch of I-80 through Nevada is largely desolate and mountainous. Services are limited compared to I-80 in other states.
Utah
Main article: Interstate 80 in UtahAfter crossing Utah's western border, I-80 crosses the desolate Bonneville Salt Flats west of the Great Salt Lake. The longest stretch between exits on an Interstate Highway is located between Wendover and Knolls, with 37.1 miles (60.1 km) between those exits. This portion of I-80, crossing the Great Salt Desert, is extremely flat and straight, dotted with large warning signs about driver fatigue and drowsiness.
East of the salt flats, I-80 passes through Salt Lake City, where it merges with I-15 for three miles (5 km) before entering the Wasatch Mountains east of the city. It ascends Parley's Canyon and passes within a few miles of Park City as it follows a route through the mountains towards Wyoming.
The route of the Utah section of I-80 is defined at Utah Code Annotated § 72-4-113(10).[3]
Wyoming
Main article: Interstate 80 in WyomingIn the state of Wyoming, I-80 reaches its maximum elevation of 8,640 feet (2,633 m) above sea level between Cheyenne and Laramie, Wyoming. Farther west in Wyoming, the interstate passes through the dry Red Desert and over the Continental Divide. In a way, the highway crosses the Divide twice, since two ridges of the Rocky Mountains split in Wyoming, forming the Great Divide Basin - from which no surface water escapes.
Nebraska
Main article: Interstate 80 in NebraskaI-80 enters Nebraska west of Bushnell. The western portion of I-80 in Nebraska runs very close to the state of Colorado, without entering the state; the intersection of Interstate 76 and I-80 is visible from the Colorado-Nebraska state line. From its intersection with I-76 to Grand Island, I-80 lies in the valley of the South Platte and Platte Rivers. The longest straight stretch of interstate anywhere in the system is the approximately 72 miles (116 km) of I-80 occurring between Exit 318 in the Grand Island area and milemarker 390 near Lincoln. Along this length, the road does not vary from an ideally straight line by more than a few yards.[citation needed] After Lincoln, I-80 turns northeast towards Omaha. It then crosses the Missouri River in Omaha to go into Iowa.
Part of Interstate 80 in Nebraska is marked as a Blue Star Memorial Highway.
Iowa
Main article: Interstate 80 in IowaIn the state of Iowa, Interstate 80 runs from the I-80 bridge over the Missouri River where it intersects with I-29 and runs east to the Quad Cities and the Fred Schwengel Memorial Bridge over the Mississippi River. It is the main east–west arterial freeway through south-central Iowa, and the main east–west Interstate in the state.
In Iowa I-80 serves the cities of Council Bluffs, Des Moines, Iowa City, and the Iowa portion of the Quad Cities—including Davenport and Bettendorf.
Illinois
Main article: Interstate 80 in Illinois See also: Fred Schwengel Memorial Bridge, Des Plaines River Bridge, and Tri-State TollwayIn the state of Illinois, I-80 runs from the Fred Schwengel Memorial Bridge across the Mississippi River south to an intersection with I-74. It then runs east across north-central Illinois just north of the Illinois River to Joliet. I-80 continues east and joins I-94 just before entering Indiana.
Indiana
Main article: Interstate 80 in IndianaIn the state of Indiana, I-80 runs concurrent with another Interstate Highway for its entire length. It runs with I-94 on the Borman Expressway before joining I-90 to Ohio on the Indiana Toll Road.
The portion of I-80 between La Porte, Indiana and Toledo, Ohio runs (with I-90) within ten miles (16 km) of the Michigan state line. From the State Route 9 and I-80 intersection, the sign marking the Indiana-Michigan state line is visible. At another point in northern Indiana, I-80 comes within about 200 yards (meters) from the Michigan border.[4]
Ohio
Main article: Interstate 80 in Ohio See also: Ohio TurnpikeIn the state of Ohio, I-80 enters with I-90 from the Indiana Toll Road and immediately becomes the "James W. Shocknessy Ohio Turnpike", more commonly referred to as simply the Ohio Turnpike. The two Interstates cross rural northwest Ohio and run just south of the metropolitan area of Toledo. In Rossford, Ohio it intersects with Interstate 75 in an area known as the Crossroads of America. This intersection is one of the largest intersections of two Interstate Highways in the United States.
In Elyria Township, just west of Cleveland, I-90 splits from I-80 and runs northeast as a freeway. I-80 runs east-southeast through the southern suburbs of Cleveland and retains the Ohio Turnpike designation. Just northwest of Youngstown, the Ohio Turnpike continues southeast onto Interstate 76, while I-80 runs east to the north of Youngstown, entering Pennsylvania south of Sharon, Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania
Main article: Interstate 80 in Pennsylvania See also: Pennsylvania TurnpikeIn the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, I-80 is the main east–west Interstate-standard highway through central Pennsylvania. It runs from the Ohio state line near Sharon to the Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge over the Delaware River,and is called the Confair Memorial Highway.
I-80 serves no major metropolitan areas in Pennsylvania directly. A spur from I-80 (I-180) runs to Williamsport, while another (I-380) runs to Scranton. I-80 intersects I-476 in the Pocono Mountains which connects with Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Allentown and Philadelphia. I-80 intersects I-79 in Western Pennsylvania which connects with Erie (about 75 miles (121 km) to the north) and Pittsburgh (about 55 miles (89 km) to the south). Also in Western Pennsylvania I-80 serves as the northern terminus for I-376 which connects it to the Pittsburgh International Airport and on to downtown and suburban Pittsburgh.
In Clearfield County, Interstate 80 reaches its highest elevation east of the Mississippi River, 2,250 feet (690 m), although other interstate highways east of the Mississippi, including I-26 in North Carolina and Tennessee, reach higher elevations.
In 2007, the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission, combined with state legislature Act No. 44, initiated plans to enact a tolling system on the entire span of I-80 throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. On October 15, 2007, PennDOT and the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission signed a 50-year lease agreement, which will allow the Commission to maintain and, eventually, toll I-80.[5] However, such a toll has not been accepted by the Federal Highway Administration.[6]
New Jersey
Main article: Interstate 80 in New Jersey The eastern end of I-80 in New JerseyThe portion of 80 that goes through New Jersey is called the Bergen-Passaic Expressway.[7]
I-80 does not go all the way to New York City via the George Washington Bridge. Its designated end (as per signage and NJDOT documents) is 4.3 miles (6.9 km)[8] short of New York City in Teaneck, New Jersey. There, signs designate the end of I-80 and the beginning of I-95 (a part of the New Jersey Turnpike).
That mileage markers beyond the end appear to follow as if they were part of I-80 is a coincidence; they match what would have been the correct mileage markers of I-95 had the Somerset Freeway been built.[citation needed]
One section of I-80 running from Netcong to Denville was constructed in 1958. It is one of the oldest sections of Interstate highway in the United States.[citation needed]
Auxiliary routes
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References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Federal Highway Administration Route Log and Finder List, Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002
- ^ New Jersey Department of Transportation, 2005 Straight Line Diagrams - I-80 (PDF)
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Nussbaum, Paul (October 17, 2007). "I-80 toll plans moving forward". The Philadelphia Inquirer. http://www.philly.com/philly/news/homepage/10595797.html.
- ^ Federal Highway Administration press release, September 11, 2008
- ^ The Roads of Metro New York - Interstate 80 (New Jersey)
- ^ Measured in Google Earth from I-80 end sign (visible in Street View) to the beginning of the George Washington Bridge
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interstate 80 |
- Route 80 overlaid on Google Maps
- Eric Buchanan's Interstate 80 Photos Index page
- Illinois Highway Ends: I-80
- Indiana Highway Ends: I-80
| Main US Interstate Highways (major interstates highlighted) | |||||||||||||||||||
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| 4 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 29 | 30 | |||
| 35 | 37 | 39 | 40 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 49 | 55 | 57 | 59 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 68 | 69 | ||||
| 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 (W) | 76 (E) | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | ||||||
| 83 | 84 (W) | 84 (E) | 85 | 86 (W) | 86 (E) | 87 | 88 (W) | 88 (E) | 89 | 90 | |||||||||
| 91 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 99 | (238) | H-1 | H-2 | H-3 | |||||||||
| Unsigned | A-1 | A-2 | A-3 | A-4 | PRI-1 | PRI-2 | PRI-3 | ||||||||||||
| Lists | Primary | Main - Intrastate - Suffixed - Future - Gaps | |||||||||||||||||
| Auxiliary | Main - Future - Unsigned | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Standards - Business - Bypassed | ||||||||||||||||||
Categories: Interstate Highway System | Interstate 80 | U.S. Route 40
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unknown
Fri, 22 Jan 2010 12:21:24 GM
Interstate 80. at Truckee is back open after about a dozen cars and trucks were involved in a wreck in a heavy snowstorm.
